GLP-1 medications, such as semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro), are a type of drug called GLP-1 receptor agonists. They work by mimicking a hormone in your body called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which helps regulate blood sugar levels, slows digestion and reduces appetite. These effects help control blood sugar and support weight loss by making you feel fuller faster and longer.
GLP-1 medications are often prescribed for people with type 2 diabetes to help control blood sugar levels. They are also used for weight management in people who are obese or overweight with related conditions, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol. Your doctor will determine if GLP-1 medications are right for you based on your medical history and health goals.
La pérdida de peso varía según la persona, pero los estudios han demostrado que los pacientes pueden perder entre un 10-20% de su peso corporal con el uso constante de semaglutida o tirzepatida, junto con una dieta saludable y ejercicio. Muchos pacientes comienzan a ver resultados dentro de los primeros meses.
GLP-1 medications begin to work soon after the first dose, but it may take a few weeks before you notice significant changes in your appetite, blood sugar levels or weight. The full effects usually become more apparent after 2 to 3 months of consistent use.
Common side effects include:
These side effects are usually mild and improve as your body adjusts to the medication. If you experience severe or persistent side effects, contact your healthcare provider.
GLP-1 medications are designed for long-term use to help you maintain weight loss and control blood sugar levels. If you stop taking the medication, you may regain some of the weight you have lost. Always consult your doctor before making changes to your medication.
Yes, for best results, GLP-1 medications should be combined with a healthy diet and regular exercise. These medications reduce appetite and help you control your weight, but lifestyle changes are essential for long-term success.
Yes, GLP-1 medications such as semaglutide and tirzepatide have been studied for long-term use and have been shown to be safe and effective. Your healthcare provider will monitor your progress and adjust treatment as needed to ensure it continues to benefit your health.
Yes, GLP-1 medications are also approved for weight management in people who do not have diabetes but are overweight or obese. These medications help control appetite and support long-term weight loss.
Yes, GLP-1 medications may not be suitable if you have certain health conditions, such as:
Always discuss your complete medical history with your health care provider before starting any new medication.
It is important to check with your doctor before combining GLP-1 medications with other weight-loss medications. Some combinations may not be safe or may increase the risk of side effects. Your doctor will help you determine the best treatment plan for your weight management goals.
Most GLP-1 medications are administered as a weekly injection using a pre-filled pen. The injection is usually given in the abdomen, thigh or upper arm. Your healthcare provider will teach you how to self-administer the injection at home.
Yes, GLP-1 medications are very effective in lowering blood sugar levels, particularly in people with type 2 diabetes. They help the body release insulin when sugar levels are high and slow the release of sugar from the liver, which improves glucose control.
There are no strict dietary restrictions, but it is recommended to avoid fatty, fried or sugary foods, as they can aggravate side effects such as nausea. Focus on a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains for best results.
While GLP-1 medications such as semaglutide and tirzepatide offer significant benefits for many patients, there are certain individuals for whom these treatments may not be appropriate. Patients should always consult with their healthcare provider before starting any new medication. Here are some types of patients who should avoid GLP-1 receptor agonists:
History of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC):
GLP-1 medications come with a warning about an increased risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Patients with a personal or family history of MTC should avoid using these medications.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome Type 2 (MEN 2):
This rare genetic condition is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, so patients with MEN 2 are advised not to take GLP-1 medications.
Severe Gastrointestinal Disorders:
Since GLP-1 medications slow gastric emptying, they may not be suitable for patients with severe gastrointestinal conditions such as gastroparesis or other digestive motility disorders.
Pancreatitis history:
If a patient has had a history of pancreatitis, GLP-1 medications should be used with caution or avoided, as there have been reports linking them to an increased risk of pancreatitis.
Pregnancy or Pregnancy Planning:
GLP-1 medications have not been extensively studied in pregnant women, and there are potential risks to the fetus. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid their use during pregnancy or when planning to conceive.
Breastfeeding:
While it is unclear whether GLP-1 medications are excreted in breast milk, it is generally recommended that breastfeeding women avoid these treatments, unless otherwise instructed by their physician.
Allergic reactions:
If a patient has had a previous allergic reaction to semaglutide, tirzepatide or another GLP-1 receptor agonist, they should not use these medications.
Diabetes Type 1:
GLP-1 medications are not approved for patients with type 1 diabetes, as they are designed to work in conjunction with insulin production, which is absent in type 1 diabetes.
Severe Renal Insufficiency:
Patients with severe kidney problems may need to avoid GLP-1 medications, as they could aggravate kidney complications.
Hypersensitivity to the ingredients:
Patients who have hypersensitivity to any of the inactive ingredients in GLP-1 medications should avoid their use.
It is crucial that any patient considering GLP-1 medications have a thorough discussion with their healthcare provider to ensure that the treatment is safe and appropriate for their specific health condition.
Description: Nausea is one of the most common side effects, especially when starting treatment or increasing the dose.
In rare cases, nausea may lead to vomiting, especially if the food chosen causes discomfort.
Some patients may experience diarrhea while their digestive system adjusts to the medication.
Constipation is another common side effect, as the medication slows digestion.
Some patients may experience indigestion or heartburn.
Some patients report feeling more tired than usual during the early stages of treatment.
Headaches may occur, particularly in the first weeks of treatment.
Some patients experience dizziness, especially when they get up too quickly.
Patients taking GLP-1 medications by injection may notice redness, swelling or irritation at the injection site.
When to Contact Your Doctor
While most side effects are mild and improve as your body adjusts, you should contact your healthcare provider if you experience the following:
Summary of Tips for Managing Side Effects
Managing side effects effectively can help you stay consistent with your GLP-1 medication and achieve the best possible results for your health.
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